Astaroth

Boiga dendrophila : mangrove snake/serpent des palétuviers Boiga cyanea :green catsnake /serpent chat vert Boiga irregularis; bronw treesnake/serpent brun des arbres Les noms vernaculaires sont peu utilisés pour le genre je pense....

Source:venomdoc.com (extraits) Lumsden NG, Fry BG, Ventura S, Kini RM, Hodgson WC. (2005) "Pharmacological characterisation of a neurotoxin from the venom of Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove snake)." Toxicon 45(3):329-334. In this study, we have pharmacologically characterised boigatoxin-A, a three finger toxin isolated from the venom of the colubrid, Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove catsnake). In the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation boigatoxin-A (1 mM) displayed poorly reversible postsynaptic blockade as evidenced by the inhibition of indirect (0.1 Hz, 0.2 ms, supramaximal V) twitches and responses to exogenous acetylcholine (1 mM) and carbachol (20 mM). Boigatoxin-A (0.3­ 0.5 mM) caused a concentration-dependent depression of the maximum response of cumulative concentration response curves to CCh (0.6­80 mM). Boigatoxin-A (1 mM) induced readily reversible inhibition of electrically evoked (0.2 Hz, 0.3 ms, 70­ 100 V) twitches of the prostatic segment of the rat vas deferens. This inhibition was not significantly attenuated by 8- phenyltheophylline (20 mM) or idazoxan (1 mM). Boigatoxin-A (1 mM) did not affect a,b-mATP (10 mM) or noradrenaline (25 mM) responses in unstimulated epididymal segments of the rat vas deferens. Our data suggests that this toxin has weak postsynaptic neurotoxicity in skeletal muscle and also prejunctional neurotoxic activity in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens to inhibit the release of neurotransmitter(s), but not via prejunctional purinergic or adrenergic receptors. This is the first report of such activity for a toxin isolated from snake venom and reinforces the largely untapped potential of colubrid venoms. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lumsden NG, Fry BG, Ventura S, Kini RM and Hodgson WC (2005) "The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove catsnake) venom." Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology 24:107-113, Summary 1. The great taxonomic and prey base diversity of colubrids (non-front-fanged snakes) suggests that their venoms may represent a literal gold mine for scientists eager to find novel pharmacological probes. 2. While pharmacological characterization is lacking for most of these venoms, this is even more so with regard to activity of colubrid venoms on the mammalian autonomic nervous system. This study characterizes the activity of venom from the colubrid, Boiga dendrophila using in vitro smooth muscle preparations and the anaesthetized rat. 3. In the prostatic segment of the rat vas deferens, cumulative additions of venom (1–150 lg ml)1) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of electrically evoked (0.2 Hz, 0.3 ms, 70–100 V) twitches. The inhibitory effect of venom (100 lg ml)1) was attenuated by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) (20 lM) and 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (20 lM) but not idazoxan (1 lM), or a combination of ranitidine (0.2 lM) and thioperamide (10 lM). The inhibitory effect of venom (100 lg ml)1) was augmented by dipyridamole (10 lM) but abolished by pretreatment with adenosine deaminase (7.5 units/100 ll) suggesting that it contains components with adenosine A1 receptor activity, most likely adenosine. 4. In isolated segments of guinea-pig ileum, venom (10–100 lg ml)1) caused concentration dependent contractions which were inhibited by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (0.1 lM) but not by the histamine receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.5 lM). 5. In the anaesthetized rat, venom (5–7.5 mg kg)1, i.v.) caused a hypotensive effect. 6. Our data suggest that the venom contains components with purinergic and muscarinic receptor activity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lumsden NG, Fry BG, Ventura S, Kini RM, Hodgson WC. (2005) "Pharmacological characterisation of a neurotoxin from the venom of Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove snake)." Toxicon 45(3):329-334. In this study, we have pharmacologically characterised boigatoxin-A, a three finger toxin isolated from the venom of the colubrid, Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove catsnake). In the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation boigatoxin-A (1 mM) displayed poorly reversible postsynaptic blockade as evidenced by the inhibition of indirect (0.1 Hz, 0.2 ms, supramaximal V) twitches and responses to exogenous acetylcholine (1 mM) and carbachol (20 mM). Boigatoxin-A (0.3­ 0.5 mM) caused a concentration-dependent depression of the maximum response of cumulative concentration response curves to CCh (0.6­80 mM). Boigatoxin-A (1 mM) induced readily reversible inhibition of electrically evoked (0.2 Hz, 0.3 ms, 70­ 100 V) twitches of the prostatic segment of the rat vas deferens. This inhibition was not significantly attenuated by 8- phenyltheophylline (20 mM) or idazoxan (1 mM). Boigatoxin-A (1 mM) did not affect a,b-mATP (10 mM) or noradrenaline (25 mM) responses in unstimulated epididymal segments of the rat vas deferens. Our data suggests that this toxin has weak postsynaptic neurotoxicity in skeletal muscle and also prejunctional neurotoxic activity in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens to inhibit the release of neurotransmitter(s), but not via prejunctional purinergic or adrenergic receptors. This is the first report of such activity for a toxin isolated from snake venom and reinforces the largely untapped potential of colubrid venoms.

J'ajouterai aussi que les risques d'un choc anaphylactique sont plus que très improbables avec cette espèce... Sa morsure est pratiquement inoffensive, sauf en cas de morsure prolongée, cas dans lequel des symptômes locaux limités peuvent apparaitre. Il me semble utile de rappeller que les chocs anaphylactiques de grade 2 ou 3 restent rares, même dans les cas d'envenimations par viperidae et elapidae, et qu'ils sont toujours consécutifs à une envenimation sévère sollicitant fortement le systême immunitaire. De plus, de telles réactions nécéssitent une sensibilisation préalable, c'est à dire un contact antérieur, et surviennent donc chez des sujets ayant déja été mordus, ou chez ceux qui manipulent des venins. (Source:JP CHIPPAUX, venin de serpent et envenimations,ird éditions)

Bonsoir à tous! Que lis-je, que vois-je... un gros con au q.i de cochon qui a des réactions de pine d'huitre? En fait, c'est de moi qu'il sagit et écrire celà, c'est bien mal me connaitre! Tout d'abord, je tiens à préciser que je n'ai insulté personne, ma réponse invitait juste ratsnake à prendre plus de renseignements, notamment dans la littérature scientifique et médicale avant de s'emballer et de qualifier les Boiga de monstres tueurs sanguinaires, c'est tout! Je remettrai après mon message la liste des divers articles de référence que j'avais posté sur lmdr. Je ne vais pas vous faire un cours de biologie, ni de venimologie ici, lisez, apprenez, écoutez...et ouvrez votre esprit!! Je suis loin d'être fou, incoscient, suicidaire ou en excès de confiance, je pense juste être quelqu'un qui parle par expérience... Pour thefirre, je serai à houten, je t'invite à venir discuter avec moi de ma connerie , de mes arnaques et de mes connaissances . ps, la photo en question était sur un autre site il y a deux ans, à l'époque, c''était une morsure d'arietans!!!! Bakken, D.J., and L. Bakken. 1988. Husbandry and reproduction in Boiga dendrophila including a case of delayed fertilization. 10th and 11th International Herpetological Symposia on Captive Propagation and Husbandry. Thurmont, MD: Zoological Consortium Inc. Barach, J.P. 1952. Some observations on the mangrove snake in captivity. Herpetologica 8: 102-103. Bulian, J. 1994. Boiga cyanea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Freilandbeobachtungen, Haltung und Zucht [Boiga cyanea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Observations in nature, hubandry, and breeding]. Sauria. 16 (4):3-9. Burger, W.I. 1975. A case of mild envenomation by the mangrove snake, Boiga dendrophilia. Snake 7: 99-100. Campbell, E.W. 1997. Food utilization in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam: Observations on snakes collected following a predator removal experiment. Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Caprette, C.L. 1997. The structural basis for exceptional nocturnal vision in the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Chiszar, D. 1990. The behavior of the brown tree snake: a study in applied comparative psychology. in: D.A. Dewsbury (ed.). Contemporary issues in comparative psychology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer. Chiszar, D., D. Carrillo, P.Rand, and J. Chiszar. 1985. Nocturnal activity in captive brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 21: 115-118. Chiszar, D., T.M. Dunn, and H.M. Smith. 1993. Resonse of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) to human blood. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19(1): 91-96. Chiszar, D., K. Fox, and H.M. Smith. 1992. Stimulus control of predatory behavior in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). IV. Effect of mammalian blood. Behav. Neural. Biol. 57: 167-169. Chiszar, D., and K. Kandler. 1986. Adjustment of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) to a reversed light cycle. Bulletin of the Maryland Herp. Society 22(4): 171-174. Chiszar, D., K. Kandler, and H.M. Smith. 1988. Stimulus control of predatory attack in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). 1. Effects of visual cues arising from prey. Snake 20: 151-155. Chiszar, D., K. Kandler, R. Lee, and H.M. Smith. 1988. Stimulus control of predatory attack in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). 2. Use of chemical cues during foraging. Amphibia-Reptilia 9: 77-88. Chiszar, D., W. Lukas, B. Olson, and H.M. Smith. 1997. Two new experiments on chemosensory behavior of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Chiszar, D., et al. 1992. Liquid and dry venom yields from brown tree snakes Boiga irregularis Merrem. pp. 11-13. in P.D. and J.L. Strimple (eds.), Contributions in Herpetology. Greater Cincinnati Herpetological Society, Cincinnati, Ohio. Conry, P.J. 1988. High nest predation by brown tree snakes on Guam. Condor 90: 478-482. Coupe, B., et al. 1997. Milk as foraging cue for snakes: tests on brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) and pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucas). Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Cox, Merle J. Serious effects from the bite of the red cat-eye snake, Boiga nigriceps. 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Predation by the brown tree snake Boiga irregularis on poultry and other domesticated animals in Guam. The Snake 23: 75-80. Fritts, T.H., M.J. McCoid, and R.L. Haddock. 1990. Risks to infants on Guam from bites of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 42: 607-611. Fritts, T.H., M.J. McCoid, and R.L. Haddock. 1994. Symptoms and circumstances associated with bites by the brown tree snake (Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) on Guam. Journal of Herpetology 28(1): 27-33. Fritts, T.H., N.J. Scott, Jr., and J.A. Savidge. 1987. Activity of the arboreal brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam determined by electrical outages. Snake 19: 51-58. Fritts, T.H., N.J. Scott, Jr., and B.E. Smith. 1989. Trapping Boiga irregularis on Guam using bird odors. Journal of Herpetology 23: 189-192. Gans, C., and M. Latifi. 1973. Another case of presumptive mimicry in snakes. Copeia 1973(4): 801-802. Goodman, J.D. 1985. Two record size Blanding's tree snakes from Uganda. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1985: 56-57. Greene, H.W. 1989. Ecological, evolutionary, and conservation implications of feeding biology in Old World cat snakes, genus Boiga (Colubridae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 46(: 193-207. Greene, M.J., and R.T. Mason. 1997. Female sex attractiveness pheromones of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis). Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Groves, F. 1973. Reproduction and venom in Blanding's tree snake. International Zoo Yearbook 13: 106-108. Groves, J.D. 1973. Delayed fertilization in the snake Boiga dendrophila. Herpetologica 29: 20-22. Groves, J.D. 1974. Reproduction in the mangrove snake at Baltimore Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook. 14: 82. Gu, S., M. Huang, G. Qu and D. Ren. 1995. 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(1997): Afrikanske slanger (10) - Boiga blandingii. Nord. Herpet. Foren. 40: 97-103. Rasmussen, J.B. & A. Stimson 1983. Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes): Proposed conservation under the plenary powers. Z.N. (S.) 2404. - Bull. zool. Nom. 40: 209- 210. Rodda, G. 1991. Fence Climbing by the Arboreal Snake Boiga irregularis. The Snake. 23 101-103. Rodda, G.H. 1992. Foraging behavior of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Herpetological Journal 2: 110-114. Rodda, G.H., and T.H. Fritts. 1992. The impact of the introduction of the colubrid snake Boiga irregularis on Guam's lizards. Journal of Herpetology 26(2): 166-174. Rodda, G.H., and T.H. Fritts. 1997. Modeling of brown tree snake size distributions highlights sampling problems and high adult mortality. Abstract. Conference Proceedings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 77th Annual Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Rodda, G.H., T.H. Fritts, and P.J. Conry. 1992. Origin and population growth of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, on Guam. Pacific Science 46(1): 46-57. Savidge, J.A. 1987. Extinction of an island forest avifauna by an introduced snake. Ecology 68(3): 660-668. Savidge, J.A. 1988. Food habits of Boiga irregularis, an introduced predator on Guam. Journal of Herpetology 22: 275-282. Savidge, J.A. 1991. Population characteristics of the introduced brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam. Biotropica 23(3): 294-300. Shivik, J.A. 1998. Brown tree snake response to visual and olfactory cues. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(1): 105-111. Shivik, J.A., and L. Clark. 1997. Carrion seeking in brown tree snakes: importance of olfactory and visual cues. Journal of Experimental Zoology 279: 549-553. Shivik, J.A., and L. Clark. 1997. Context specific importance of sensory modalities in foraging brown tree snakes. Abstract. 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Weinstein, S.A., D. Chiszar, R.C. Bell, and L.A. Smith. 1991. Lethal potency and fractionation of Duvernoy's secretion from the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Toxicon 29: 401-408. Weinstein, S.A., B.G. Stiles, M.J. McCoid, L.A. Smith, and K.V. Kardong. 1993. Variation and lethal potencies and acetylcholine receptor binding activity of Duvernoy's secretions from the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Journal of Natural Toxins 2: 187-198. Whitaker, R. 1970. Slight reaction from bites of the rear-fanged snakes Boiga ceylonensis (Gunther) and Dryophis nasutus (Lacepede). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 67: 113. Young, R.A. 1983. Feeding behavior of captive Boiga. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 18: 89-91. Zalisko, E.J., and K.V. Kardong. 1992. Histology and histochemistry of the Duvernoy's gland of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Copeia 1992: 791-799.