askook

Atheris squamigera Photo pour illustration. Source: google

Société Française pour l'Étude des Toxines est une association régie par la loi du 1er Juillet et le décret du 16 Août 1901 dont la création a été décidée lors des 1ères Journées de Rencontres en Toxinologie, le 17 novembre 1993. http://sfet.asso.fr/index.php

The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of Boiga dendrophila (mangrove catsnake) venon http://www.venomdoc.com/downloads/2005_BGF_B_dendrophila_crude.pdf

Pharmacological characterisation of a neurotoxin from the venom of Boiga dendrophila (mangrove catsnake) http://www.venomdoc.com/downloads/2005_BGF_B_dendrophila_presynaptic.pdf

La durée peut varier, selon les spécimens et ce qu'ils représentent pour moi... Certains spécimens ne quitte la maison qu'à leur mort... C'est la cas de ma femelle Boiga cyanea qui est morte en septembre 2007, après avoir passée 15 ans de sa vie dans mon élevage... Mes spécimens reproducteurs, acquis souvent à l'âge adulte, ne sont gardés qu'entre 6 et 8 ans... Après ils sont échangés ou vendus pour l'acquisition de nouveaux spécimens reproducteurs chez d'autres genre... En gros, je change tout les 6/8 ans, le "genre" principal de mon élevage. Il est par contre très très rare, qu'un spécimen soit sur le départ rapidement après son acquisition. Il est impossible de comparer la démarche d'un terrariophile qui possèdent quelques "virus" à celle d'un éleveur, même amateur, qui possèdent un grand nombre de "virus".

J'ai trouvé ceci: The utterly outrageous tentacled snake Few snakes can claim to be as weird as the tentacled or fishing snake Erpeton tentaculatum. Not that many people have heard of it, it doesn't have a Wikipedia page, and, frankly, try mentioning its name for a few odd looks from your listeners. This Cthulhu-snake is, in fact, as strange as its name suggests. Take a good look at this pair. A cursory glance is enough to establish their weirdness. The tentacles - unique in the snake world - are Erpeton's distinguishing feature. Other than that, also note its long, flattened head, large mouth, and high, dorsally-oriented eyes. Tentacled snakes belong to the Homalopsinae, or mud snakes. This is a "colubrid"* subfamily comprising opisthoglyphous (hind-fanged) water snakes with dorsally-oriented eyes and valvular nostrils; all of these are adaptations for their aquatic lifestyle. As such, tentacled snakes are reasonably typical for their group. The group includes marine, mangrove, and freshwater species, and most are fish and amphibian predators (the crab-eating snake Fordonia leucobalia, an exception, daintily shreds crabs). *"Colubridae" is a wastebasket polyphyletic group, which is being sorted out as I speak. I use the term here for convenience. Thus, like the rest of its subfamily, the tentacled snake is a highly aquatic animal. It rarely (if ever) leaves the water, and when it does, it is clumsy on land. It is found in sluggish freshwater throughout Indochina, preys almost entirely on fish, and is ovoviviparous, giving birth to around 7 to 13 young. As mentioned, the tentacled snake's most outstanding characteristic is the pair of fleshy tentacles on its snout. Tentacled snakes are the only reptiles with pronounced and moveable tentacles (Fox, 1999). The tentacles are erectile, derived from the cavernous tissue in the noses of most reptiles (Winokur, 1977). They usually lie limp but are erected if the snake is disturbed (Fox, 1999). The obvious question, of course, is why the hell are they there? Obviously, tentacled snakes are doing something with their tentacles. Hahn (1973) listed several hypotheses concerning their function, including sense organs, fish lures, sexual display, and disruptive camouflage. Captive snakes have never been observed using the tentacles to attract fish, and it remains to be conclusively proven that they serve as camouflage. However, the hypothesis that they are sensory organs has gained support. Winokur's study of the structure of the tentacles showed that they were highly innervated and muscular, and as such were ideally suited for mechanoreception in water (Winokur, 1977). Fox (1999), in his grand review of non-mammalian vertebrate barbels, agrees with Winokur on that point, and while a lot remains to be answered, the "sensory barbels" hypothesis is the best-supported to date. Another point of interest is the strike. As a fully aquatic snake, the tentacled snake has adapted its strike for maximum power and efficiency underwater. In a 2002 study, tentacled snakes were shown to wait for prey in a rigid J-shape, with tentacles erect. Once a fish came near, the tentacled snake would suddenly turn its head to the fish, opening its mouth and sucking in water with the fish, and swallowing it. Much of the tentacled snake's morphology is geared towards this superfast subaqueous strike (Smith et al., 2002). It is easy to imagine the likes of the tentacled snake growing large in some snake-favoring future, evolving into catfish-snakes with long, sensitive barbels and paddle-tails. In fact, that was my thinking behind the kioh-lung or qiulong, a Spec madtsoiid (hmmm, madtsoiids... now there's an interesting topic). However, it seems that the tentacled snake is just a bizarre side-branch on the glorious tree of ophidian evolution, and, to our knowledge, no other snake is similar. Source: http://eobasileus.blogspot.com/2008/02/utterly-outrageous-tentacled-snake.html et quelques références bibliographiques: Cornelissen, T. (1970) - Erpeton tentaculatum; a fishing snake. Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 24 (2) : 26 - 29. Fox, H. (1999) - Barbels and barbel-like tentacular structures in sub-mammalian vertebrates: a review. Hydrobiologia 403: 153-193. Hahn, D. E. (1973) - Comments on Tentacle Structure and Function in Erpeton tentaculatum (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 304-306. Morice, A. (1970) - On the habits of a remarkable snake of Indochina: Herpeton tentaculatum. Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 24 (2) : 21. Morice, A. (1970) - A note on Herpeton tentaculatum. Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 24 (2) : 22 - 25. Smith, T. L; Povel, G.D.E and Kardong, K. V. (2002) - Predatory strike of the tentacled snake (Erpeton tentaculatum). Journal of Zoology 256: 233-242 Cambridge University Press Winokur, R.M. (1977) - The integumentary tentacles of the snake Erpeton tentaculatum: structure, function, evolution. Herpetologica 33: 247 - 253

Et des vidéos...

Quelques vieilles photos...

Les affections cutanées des reptiles http://theses.vet-alfort.fr/telecharger.php?id=1186

Crotalus ruber Photos pour illustration. Source: google

Vidéo montrant la position caractéristique en forme de "J" retourné d'un Erpeton tentaculatum en chasse. La queue est accrochée soit à une racine, à une plante ou à tout autre point d'ancrage. http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&VideoID=42238353

Il a été aussi évoqué que les deux appendices - pouvaient servir d'appâts (cette thèse est obsolète). - étaient des organes sensoriels.

Fatal cutaneous mycosis in tentacled snake (Erpeton tentaculatum) caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriessi http://www.devonian2.ualberta.ca/uamh/UAMH_Pub_pdf_files/2005%20Bertelson%20et%20al%20FinalTentsnake.pdf

Envenimations et empoisonnements par les animaux venimeux ou vénéneux II Envenimations par Viperidae http://www.revuemedecinetropicale.com/423-428_-_venin_trop.pdf

Envenimations et empoisonnements par les animaux venimeux ou vénéneux III Envenimations par Elapidae http://www.revuemedecinetropicale.com/009-012_-_veninTropIII_chippaux_009-012_-_veninTropIII_chippaux.pdf

Envenimations et intoxications par les animaux venimeux ou vénéneux I.Généralités http://www.chups.jussieu.fr/polys/dus/diumedvoyages/Goyffon.pdf

Analyse des cas de morsure de serpent déclarés par les formations sanitaires publiques au Bénin de 1993 à 1995 http://www.santetropicale.com/resume/114407.pdf

Erpeton tentaculatum est peu toxique et n'est pas connu comme espèce ayant causé des envenimations. Cette espèce n'est pas soumise au CDC...

Voici un article paru dans la revue Aquarama N°152 de Novembre 1996

Géoclimatologie et sévérité des envenimations par morsure de serpent au Bénin http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/2002/2002n3/T95-3-Env12.pdf

Problématique des envenimations en Guinée http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/2002/2002n3/T95-3-Env7.pdf

Envenimations sévères par serpents marins en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Deux tableaux cliniques différents http://pagesperso-orange.fr/aresub/medecinesubaquatique/dangersfaune/serpentsnc.pdf

Analyse des envenimations par morsures de serpent au Gabon http://www.pefac.net/pdf/188Tchou.pdf